Тема:
The history of gender relations in American English
Год сдачи в учебное заведение: 2012 г.
Город в котором сдавалась учебный материал Волгоград.
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Количество страниц: 73 стр.
Вид работы: Дипломная.
Содержание:
Заданная тема дипломной: The history of gender relations in American English
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………4
Theoretical part
Chapter 1. Gender shifts in the history of English………………………………….7
1.1. Definition of linguistic gender………………………………………………….7
1.2. Gender in English – History…………………………………………………....9
1.3. Modern English gender system………………………………………………..18
Practical part
Chapter 2. Feminism in American English………………………………………...28
2.1. History of the American Feminist Movement………………………………...28
2.2. The results of Feminist Movements…………………………………………..48
2.3. The influence of feminism on the English language………………………….56
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………64
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………..66
Выдержка из работы
INTRODUCTION
Theme of thesis:
Gender has been a widely studied topic along the history of linguistics due to the close relationship bears to reality. On the one hand, some studies have focused on the linguistic reflection of the historical repression over women, arguing for a gender-neutral language. But scholars are also variously studying the intersection of race, class and gender, exploring the meanings of gender, and working to integrate women’s history into mainstream scholarship. These endeavors are not discrete, but instead overlap with and complement one another. Together, they have enriched and expanded women’s history, but they, nevertheless, cannot by themselves reinvigorate the influence of feminism within the field.
On the other hand, closely connected with this, other works have dealt strictly with the linguistic side of gender, i.e. how biological sex is expressed in the language. This subject and its treatment seem to us particularly appropriate here for a number of reasons. Firstly, because gender is in many ways unpredictable; it is not universally present in language, for some languages have never had gender (for example, Chinese), and others have lost it. In fact, even though gender is common in Indo-European languages, it is often differently motivated and, therefore, differently assigned. Why this is so remains an open question today, although the dominant view is that probably not as a result of different cultural backgrounds, which have sometimes been held responsible for the different gender interpretation of universal notions such as, for example, death (masculine in German -der Tod-, feminine in Spanish -la muerte-, and neuter in English -the death).
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Theoretical part
Chapter 1. Gender shifts in the history of English
1.1. Definition of linguistic gender
In the fifth century BC, according to Aristotle’s account, Protagoras first created the labels masculine, feminine, and neuter for Greek nouns, and language scholars have been trying to explain the relationship of grammatical gender categories to the world around them ever since. Protagoras himself, apparently anxious that the grammatical gender of nouns and the sex of their referents did not always correspond in Greek, is said to have wanted to change the gender of Greek menis ‘anger’ and peleks ‘helmet,’ both of which are feminine nouns, to masculine because he felt the masculine was more appropriate given the words’ referents.
Gender is one of the classical grammatical categories operating in contemporary Standard English. The three-fold distinction (male, female and non-sexed) will be found most predominantly in animate entities and, as these are denoted by the word-class noun, it is logical that this word-class should characteristically display gender contrast. This, however, often extends from the category noun to those categories which are closely related to it, either by replacing it (typically pronouns), or by providing some qualification (typically pronouns and adjectives). Gender is not present in those word-classes that do not make a direct reference to entities or concepts like the ones denoted by nouns, for instance verbs, adverbs, prepositions, or conjunctions.
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Conclusion
According to the results of the diploma paper we draw to the following conclusions:
Our knowledge of the role that feminist beliefs play in influencing public opinion is advanced by this research. Gender differences in many ways defined the feminist movement while feminist issues were depicted along gender lines and continue to be framed as such. Feminist belief differences are revealed between men and women when a specific policy concern is considered even though there was no statistically significant impact of gender on feminist beliefs.
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